Copywriting Quick-Tip: Handle Pronouns with Care (or, What Does It Mean When It Says “It”?)

Marketing copy is not the stuff of great literature or even popular writing. It’s normally more colloquial, bouncier, prone to pushing the confines of grammar in order to achieve its ends.

Yet even in copywriting, there’s a difference between casual and slovenly. Good copy may wear blue jeans and a T-shirt, but it does so judiciously and properly. It doesn’t show up at work wearing its underwear on its head and its pants on backwards.

All of the above to say, watch how you handle your pronouns. My latest editing project has reminded me how frequently pronouns crop up without a clear antecedent. The result is confusion. For instance …

Rachel’s whole family loved the outdoors. Mom and Dad often took the kids camping, Josh enjoyed fishing, and Rachel herself was keen on bird-watching. More than anything else, it drew the family together.

We’re fine until the last sentence. What does “it” refer to? Grammatically, the answer is Rachel’s bird-watching. But logically? Most likely the outdoors, but we’re not sure. We’re left scratching our heads, wondering what the writer meant.

The above example might not create any waves in a conversation, where other factors beside grammar help to clarify meaning. But while good writing has a conversational feel to it, it is not conversation. Rules apply. And one of those rules is, When you say it (or he, or that, or they, and so on), make sure you’re clear about what it refers to. If your meaning could seem ambiguous to your readers, then don’t use a pronoun; instead, specify what you mean, thus:

More than anything else, the outdoor world [instead of “it”] drew the family together.

Again, effective copy is usually casual in tone. It’s loose, not stuffy, and by no means is it hidebound.

Good copy is, however, clear in its meaning.

So vet your use of pronouns. Are your antecedents obvious? Is it plain what it means when it says “it”? If not, fix it.

Huh? Wha’d he just say?

Exactly. ’Nuff sed.

 

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North America’s Earliest Sunset of the Year: Appearing Tomorrow Evening Only in a Sky Near You!

The date of winter solstice, when the time between sunrise and sunset is at its narrowest, arrives this year on Saturday, December 22. But by then, sunset will have already gotten a jump start on its journey toward spring.

According to the U. S. Navy’s sunrise/sunset table, tomorrow is the turning point for sunsets in 2011. At 5:08 p.m. eastern time, my hometown of Caledonia, Michigan, will witness its earliest sunset. From then on, while the sun will still set within the same minute for another five days, it will gain a handful of seconds each day until December 15, when it will set at 5:09.

By the time winter solstice arrives, sunset time will have increased by nearly three minutes, setting at 5:11. That’s here in Caledonia; sunrise and sunset times can vary surprisingly even within a single state.

So how come December 9 isn’t the shortest day of the year instead of December 22? Because sunrise, not prone to quitting its ways easily, continues to occur later and later, subtracting from our total amount of daylight at a faster rate than the sunset adds to it.

Following solstice, however, a reversal occurs. While the sun will still rise incrementally earlier for a while, sunset time will begin to outstrip it, gradually increasing our total daylight. On January 3, 2012, the sun will rise at its latest, somewhere on the far side of 8:13 a.m. here in Caledonia.  After that, giving up reluctantly on its race after the sunset, sunrise time will begin to slowly retreat.  On January 8, it will rise at 8:12; on January 12, at 8:11; three days later, at 8:10; and so it will go, with the sun rising earlier and setting later each day.

Don’t take that as a sign to trade your fleece jacket for a T-shirt; winter’s bitterest days still lie ahead. But for those of us in the northern hemisphere, our voyage toward summer will have gotten underway.

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Winter Comes Knocking

[singlepic id=34 w=320 h=240 float=left]Today is the last day of November, and that means that tomorrow is the first day of …

You were thinking “December,” weren’t you. Yes, that’s true: Tomorrow is December first. But did you know that it’s also the first day of winter?

Yes, winter.

“Not by my calendar,” I can hear you say. “Winter starts on December 22. Any fool knows that.”

Any fool but a meteorologist. The weatherly astute have a different method of reckoning the seasons, based not on the astronomical calendar with its solstices and equinoxes, but on the meteorological calendar. According to it, the different seasons commence on day one of every three month segment. Meteorological spring begins on March 1; summer, on June 1; autumn, on September 1. And meteorological winter starts on–by now you’ve figured it out–tomorrow, December 1.

Why this arrangement? Because it corresponds better with how the seasons actually play out climatically. By the time the winter solstice arrives, winter is normally well underway weatherwise. Here in the Great Lakes, snow has become the precipitation du jour, and it’s probably covering the ground. Telling us northerners on December 22 that winter has arrived is pointless. We have, like, kind of already guessed. We’ve been shoveling it off our driveways for several weeks now.

So meteorological winter just makes sense. It’s more realistic, it gets the job done faster, and it gets us into spring sooner. Meteorological spring, that is. The snow may not be gone by then, but you can sense change in air.

But that’s for another post three months from now. Meanwhile, get ready. Winter is knocking on the door.

 

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