Writing Tips for Speakers: Tip #9–Define Your Terms

Do some of the words or phrases you use have a specialized meaning?

Remember, not everyone speaks your language. Some expressions that are second nature to you and those within your circle may be unclear to outsiders. So unless you’re writing primarily to people who already talk the talk, you need to define your terms for the uninitiated. Help them understand your jargon; then you can use it freely without bewildering anyone.

My religious history includes a background in charismatic and Pentecostal churches. People in these churches talk freely about “the anointing.” It’s an acceptable term for people communicating within their own camp, but at first I hadn’t a clue what it meant. A song or a singer was “anointed.” A Bible teacher “had the anointing.” Someone once looked at me, began to weep, and said, “It’s the anointing! It’s the anointing!” I had no idea what he meant or how to respond.

The problem lay not in the word anointing; it lay in people’s assuming I knew what they meant by it. No one had ever told me, and the meaning wasn’t self-evident.

It took a while before I understood that people were referring to the presence of the Holy Spirit. The word was used loosely enough that it was, and often still is, fuzzy around the edges. But that’s not my point. My point is this:

Identify and explain your jargon.

If you have none–no common words with an uncommon or particular meaning; no unusual expressions outsiders have probably never heard–then great. Don’t fix a problem you don’t have.

But if you do use specialized terms, whether two or twenty, make sure you clarify what you mean by them. Do so at each word’s or phrase’s first appearance or soon after.

  • You can formally define the word, either in the running text or as a footnote (e.g., “By ‘self-sanitizing,’ I mean [your explanation follows]). If you quote a dictionary or other reference, provide a proper citation.
  • You can give an illustration of the principle behind your term. (“So on and so forth and such and such an example. . . . That is what I mean by ‘self-sanitizing.'”)
  • If you use lots of special terms, you can even create a glossary.

Whatever means you use, whether any of the above or some other solution, your goal is to preempt confusion for your readers. Once you’ve explained your lexicon, you can use it as you please.

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Ruthie

A cat has come into my life. Ruthie, I’ve named her. “Friend.”* A little tabbie who has lived outdoors, shown up at my doorstep as little more than a kitten, and adopted me. Now, as of May 18, I have adopted her.

I first became aware of her one night a couple weeks ago. I was lying in bed reading–or perhaps watching YouTube, I forget–when I heard something go thump! against the window. Huh. That’s odd, I thought. And kept reading.

A minute later, I heard another thump. This time I glanced at the window. A small feline was attached to the screen like Velcro, legs splayed, eyes wide with wonder, gazing in at the miracle world on the other side of the glass.

Hi, cat. You’re pretty ambitious for such a little thing, to jump so high motivated by nothing more than curiosity about what lies at the apogee. Lucky you. You scored a screen to hang on to and my princely mug to feast your eyes on.

The cat became a daily visitor on my patio. She was skin and bones, and finally a thought occurred to me: Why not give her some milk? I set out a saucer full, and she attacked it with all the intensity that hunger can muster. The milk quickly disappeared, so I recharged the saucer, and she was on that second round in a flash.

Hmmm . . . what else could I give her? Oh, hey, how about a chunk of ground beef from my spaghetti sauce? I fished out a lump, washed off the tomato sauce, and crumbled the meat next to the saucer by the cat. She paused, sniffed the new entree, and then launched into it with singular focus.

So began my relationship with Ruthie. It didn’t take long to gain her trust. For an outdoor cat, she seemed to be cut from indoor fabric, and though it took a slow, easygoing approach, she soon allowed me to scratch behind her ears, and she responded to being petted by running her purr machine full throttle.

A couple days ago, as I lay by the open screen door watching her, she cautiously ventured a few feet inside my apartment. What she saw apparently met her approval, and she began to explore further. The living room. The dining area. The hallway . . .

And that is how, after sixty-three years, I have come to be owned by a cat.

I now have a litter box (which she took to right away), a bag of dry cat food, several cans of moist cat food, and two bags of kitty treats. Ruthie has more food than I do right now. At first she seemed like a bottomless stomach, but her hunger has leveled off and she is filling out. She will not go hungry again. She has her very own human, and a home, and a name. She is going to have it good–I will do my best to see to that.

What is it about trust, need, and the longing to belong and to be loved that reaches my heart? Maybe it’s because my own heart is the same way.

Thank you, Lord, for my new friend, Ruthie. I know you have blessed this new relationship, even engineered it (because you know what a softie I am). Now please help her to grow into me, and me to grasp your heart in new ways as I love on this beautiful little spark of life.

* * *

There is a new wrinkle to this story. No sooner did I hit the “publish” button than a knock came on my door. It was a couple of young women, one of whom is my new neighbor in the apartment next door. A sweet gal in her early twenties. Might I have seen her cat, she wondered. Turns out that Ruthie is her emotional support animal, Ruthie’s real name is Honey, and Honey is due to have kittens in a week or so. I’d never have guessed; she doesn’t look pregnant.

Ah, well. Good-bye, little sweetheart. To me you are Ruthie. It was nice to have had your company for a while.

_______________

Ruth is the main character in the book of the Bible named after her. The name Ruth means “friend” or “companion,” and that is exactly what the biblical Ruth proved to be to her widowed mother-in-law. Ruth’s tale is one of loyalty, character, and ultimate blessing, and out of her line came the Messiah, Jesus.

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Writing Tips for Speakers: Tip #8—Writing versus Public Speaking

What could be simpler than transferring your message as a public speaker into writing? It should come naturally, right? Except . . .

It doesn’t. Not usually.

Writing and speaking are different disciplines. Some of the things you take for granted and harness to your advantage as a speaker aren’t accessible to you as a writer. Let’s look them.

What Are the Differences?

Words are just one component of how you communicate when speaking. You’ve got other important tools in your toolkit as well:

  • Your tone and volume of voice
  • The way you emphasize certain words
  • How you pace a sentence—faster, slower, pausing for effect
  • Facial expressions
  • Hand gestures and other body language
  • Reading the room
  • Immediate clarification and course correction
  • Eye contact
  • Question and answer
  • Commonly understood terms, if you have a following
  • Video clips and music
  • Even your choice in clothes

I’m sure you can add to the list. The point is, as a speaker, you’re using more than words alone to communicate to your audience.

But not as a writer.

As a writer, all you’ve got to work with is words. Just words in print.

And since you’re not present to speak those words aloud, your reader is going to impose his or her own voice and presumptions on them internally. If you want your reader to interpret your words accurately, you need to craft them exactingly. You can’t just slap them down, move on, and expect good results.

That limpid prose you aspire to—that spontaneous, conversational flow that connects so naturally with your reader—takes time, thought, and rewriting to achieve.

In his classic book On Writing Well, William Zinsser says, “Writing is hard work. A clear sentence is no accident. Very few sentences come out right the first time, or even the third time. . . . If you find that writing is hard, it’s because it is hard.”*

Getting your writing to read effortlessly takes effort. It takes lots of self-editing before you submit your manuscript to an editor. That’s the norm. Embrace it and you’re on your way to becoming more than just an accomplished speaker. You’re adopting the mindset of a good writer.

_______________

* William Zinsser, On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfiction, rev. ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 2006), 9. All aspiring authors should read this book before sitting down to write. It’s engaging, personable, and packed with sound advice.

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